diff --git a/scripts/sample_trace.py b/scripts/sample_trace.py
index 887d7ba..8933a17 100644
--- a/scripts/sample_trace.py
+++ b/scripts/sample_trace.py
@@ -69,15 +69,15 @@ def sample_sessions(
     *,
     sample_ratio: float | None = None,
     target_requests: int | None = None,
+    max_single_turn_ratio: float | None = None,
     seed: int,
 ) -> list[str]:
     """Sample sessions preserving KV cache reuse."""
     rng = random.Random(seed)
 
     if sample_ratio is not None:
-        return _sample_window_then_thin(rows_by_session, sample_ratio, rng)
-
-    if target_requests is not None:
+        selected = _sample_window_then_thin(rows_by_session, sample_ratio, rng)
+    elif target_requests is not None:
         all_sids = list(rows_by_session.keys())
         rng.shuffle(all_sids)
         selected = []
@@ -87,9 +87,35 @@ def sample_sessions(
             total += len(rows_by_session[sid])
             if total >= target_requests:
                 break
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Must specify --sample-ratio or --target-requests")
+
+    if max_single_turn_ratio is not None:
+        selected = _cap_single_turn(rows_by_session, selected,
+                                    max_single_turn_ratio, rng)
+
+    return selected
+
+
+def _cap_single_turn(
+    rows_by_session: dict[str, list[dict]],
+    selected: list[str],
+    max_ratio: float,
+    rng: random.Random,
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Thin single-turn sessions so they are at most max_ratio of total sessions."""
+    multi = [s for s in selected if len(rows_by_session[s]) > 1]
+    single = [s for s in selected if len(rows_by_session[s]) == 1]
+
+    # max_ratio of TOTAL sessions should be single-turn
+    # n_single / (n_single + n_multi) <= max_ratio
+    # n_single <= max_ratio * n_multi / (1 - max_ratio)
+    max_single = int(max_ratio * len(multi) / (1 - max_ratio))
+    if len(single) <= max_single:
         return selected
 
-    raise ValueError("Must specify --sample-ratio or --target-requests")
+    rng.shuffle(single)
+    return multi + single[:max_single]
 
 
 def _sample_window_then_thin(
@@ -217,6 +243,8 @@ def main() -> None:
                    help="Fraction of sessions to sample (e.g. 0.016 for 8/500 GPU ratio)")
     p.add_argument("--target-requests", type=int, default=None,
                    help="Target number of requests (legacy, no sharing preservation)")
+    p.add_argument("--max-single-turn-ratio", type=float, default=None,
+                   help="Cap single-turn sessions to this fraction of total (e.g. 0.3)")
     p.add_argument("--seed", type=int, default=42)
     args = p.parse_args()
 
@@ -233,6 +261,7 @@ def main() -> None:
         rows_by_session,
         sample_ratio=args.sample_ratio,
         target_requests=args.target_requests,
+        max_single_turn_ratio=args.max_single_turn_ratio,
         seed=args.seed,
     )