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Gahow Wang 837df6bc9e v2 exp(a): three-tier KV-hit latency microbench (GPU >> CPU >> miss)
Measures TTFT to serve a reused prefix of length L from each KV tier on a
single H20 (Qwen3-Coder-30B-A3B, vLLM 0.18.1): miss (recompute), CPU-tier
hit (native DRAM offload), GPU-tier hit (HBM prefix cache). Each measured
request is bracketed by /metrics scrapes so the tier is verified
(vllm:prefix_cache_hits vs external_prefix_cache_hits), not assumed.

Result: GPU hit is ~flat (42->111 ms over 1k->64k tokens); CPU hit is
transfer-bound (PCIe H2D ~54 GB/s, 57->272 ms); miss grows superlinearly
(78 ms -> 15.2 s). GPU beats CPU 1.4-2.5x (gap grows with context);
miss/CPU up to 56x, miss/GPU up to 137x. pcie_transfer.py is the
independent CPU-hit floor backstop. Evidence for the GPU-hit-first
principle (paper section 2.2).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-05-30 11:23:04 +08:00

141 lines
4.8 KiB
Python

"""Exp (a): three-tier hit-latency microbench.
Measures TTFT of serving a prefix of length L from each tier:
- miss : fresh unique prompt -> full prefill (recompute)
- gpu : re-request same prompt -> HBM prefix-cache hit
- cpu : warm -> evict to CPU offload tier -> re-request -> DRAM hit
Each measured request is bracketed by /metrics scrapes so the tier is *verified*
(gpu_hits delta vs external_prefix_cache_hits delta), not assumed.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import argparse
import json
import statistics
import sys
import time
from pathlib import Path
sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]))
from common.util import make_token_prompt, scrape_prefix_cache, measure_ttft # noqa: E402
LENGTHS = [1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384, 32768, 65536]
def delta(a: dict, b: dict) -> dict:
return {k: b[k] - a[k] for k in a}
def one_measurement(ep, model, prompt, expect):
m0 = scrape_prefix_cache(ep)
res = measure_ttft(ep, model, prompt)
m1 = scrape_prefix_cache(ep)
d = delta(m0, m1)
cached = (res.get("usage") or {}).get("prompt_tokens", None)
# classify
if d["ext_hits"] > 0.5:
tier = "cpu"
elif d["gpu_hits"] > 0.5:
tier = "gpu"
else:
tier = "miss"
return {"ttft_s": res["ttft_s"], "e2e_s": res["e2e_s"],
"tier_observed": tier, "expect": expect,
"d_gpu_hits": d["gpu_hits"], "d_ext_hits": d["ext_hits"]}
def run_miss(ep, model, L, reps, base):
rows = []
for i in range(reps):
p = make_token_prompt(L, seed=base + i) # fresh each time
rows.append(one_measurement(ep, model, p, "miss"))
return rows
def run_gpu(ep, model, L, reps, base):
rows = []
for i in range(reps):
p = make_token_prompt(L, seed=base + i)
measure_ttft(ep, model, p) # warm
rows.append(one_measurement(ep, model, p, "gpu")) # hit
return rows
def run_cpu(ep, model, L, reps, base, flood_tokens, flood_chunk):
rows = []
for i in range(reps):
p = make_token_prompt(L, seed=base + i)
measure_ttft(ep, model, p) # warm -> GPU (+offload)
# flood with distinct content to evict p from the GPU pool to CPU tier
sent = 0
fseed = 10_000_000 + (base + i) * 1000
while sent < flood_tokens:
fp = make_token_prompt(flood_chunk, seed=fseed)
measure_ttft(ep, model, fp)
fseed += 1
sent += flood_chunk
rows.append(one_measurement(ep, model, p, "cpu")) # should hit CPU tier
return rows
def summarize(rows):
t = sorted(r["ttft_s"] for r in rows)
return {
"n": len(rows),
"ttft_p50": statistics.median(t) if t else None,
"ttft_mean": statistics.fmean(t) if t else None,
"ttft_min": t[0] if t else None,
"ttft_max": t[-1] if t else None,
"tier_observed": _modal([r["tier_observed"] for r in rows]),
"verified_frac": sum(r["tier_observed"] == r["expect"] for r in rows) / len(rows) if rows else 0,
}
def _modal(xs):
from collections import Counter
return Counter(xs).most_common(1)[0][0] if xs else None
def main():
ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
ap.add_argument("--endpoint", required=True)
ap.add_argument("--model", required=True)
ap.add_argument("--mode", required=True, choices=["miss", "gpu", "cpu"])
ap.add_argument("--reps", type=int, default=8)
ap.add_argument("--out", required=True)
ap.add_argument("--lengths", type=str, default=None,
help="comma list override, e.g. 1024,4096")
ap.add_argument("--flood-tokens", type=int, default=120000,
help="cpu mode: distinct tokens to flush GPU pool")
ap.add_argument("--flood-chunk", type=int, default=8192)
args = ap.parse_args()
lengths = ([int(x) for x in args.lengths.split(",")] if args.lengths else LENGTHS)
out = {"mode": args.mode, "reps": args.reps, "by_length": {}, "raw": {}}
base = {"miss": 1_000, "gpu": 2_000, "cpu": 3_000}[args.mode]
for L in lengths:
t0 = time.time()
if args.mode == "miss":
rows = run_miss(args.endpoint, args.model, L, args.reps, base)
elif args.mode == "gpu":
rows = run_gpu(args.endpoint, args.model, L, args.reps, base)
else:
rows = run_cpu(args.endpoint, args.model, L, args.reps, base,
args.flood_tokens, args.flood_chunk)
base += 100_000
s = summarize(rows)
out["by_length"][str(L)] = s
out["raw"][str(L)] = rows
print(f"[{args.mode}] L={L:>6} ttft_p50={s['ttft_p50']:.4f}s "
f"tier={s['tier_observed']} verified={s['verified_frac']:.0%} "
f"({time.time()-t0:.0f}s)", flush=True)
Path(args.out).write_text(json.dumps(out, indent=2))
print(f"wrote {args.out}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()