Document no-LLM harness mechanism
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# AITuner Harness Summary
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## No-LLM Deterministic Planner
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当前 harness 不只是给 LLM 的 prompt hints。它已经可以在没有 LLM endpoint 的情况下,
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作为 deterministic planner 完成一整轮 tuning:
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1. 先运行 baseline,得到真实 probe/SLO evidence。
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2. 从 probe history 构造 trial profile 和 bottleneck hypotheses。
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3. 从 topology/runtime intervention grammar 中生成合法 candidate actions。
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4. 用 expected relief、information gain、launch safety 和 regression risk 给候选打分。
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5. 若高分候选存在,直接写出 `harness-proposal-XXXX`。
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6. 若候选耗尽,且 validator 证明 post-incumbent validation 已充分,写出
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`harness-stop-XXXX`。
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7. 只有 harness 既不能 propose 也不能 stop 时,才调用 LLM;如果没有 LLM endpoint,
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tune loop 会显式失败。
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完整机制和 Qwen30B no-LLM 真实轨迹见:
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[No-LLM harness mechanism](harness-ablation/no-llm-harness-mechanism-20260625.md)。
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## What The Harness Adds
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The harness turns each LLM proposal from open-ended config search into a bottleneck-directed decision.
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@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ kernel、KV cache、通信和排队的闭式性能模型。更稳妥也更强的
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| Claim | 当前状态 | 证据文档 | 关键缺口 |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| C1. Harness 将 raw knob search 转成 mechanism-guided intervention search,提升固定预算优化效果 | 已有强信号 | [Qwen27B 2x2](harness-ablation/qwen27b-tight-2x2-model-ablation-20260623.md), [Qwen30B SLO robustness](harness-ablation/qwen30b-slo-robustness-20260624.md) | 补 Qwen235B decode 2x2 aggregate;补 mechanism ablation |
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| C2. 收益来自 harness-defined substrate,不依赖某个强 LLM | 部分已有 | [Qwen27B 2x2](harness-ablation/qwen27b-tight-2x2-model-ablation-20260623.md) | 做 `BO/heuristic + harness` vs `BO/heuristic + raw knobs` |
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| C1. Harness 将 raw knob search 转成 mechanism-guided intervention search,提升固定预算优化效果 | 已有强信号 | [No-LLM harness mechanism](harness-ablation/no-llm-harness-mechanism-20260625.md), [Qwen27B 2x2](harness-ablation/qwen27b-tight-2x2-model-ablation-20260623.md), [Qwen30B SLO robustness](harness-ablation/qwen30b-slo-robustness-20260624.md) | 补 Qwen235B decode 2x2 aggregate;补 mechanism ablation |
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| C2. 收益来自 harness-defined substrate,不依赖某个强 LLM | Qwen30B no-LLM 已完整闭环;Qwen27B 弱/强模型已有 | [No-LLM harness mechanism](harness-ablation/no-llm-harness-mechanism-20260625.md), [Qwen27B 2x2](harness-ablation/qwen27b-tight-2x2-model-ablation-20260623.md) | 做 `BO/heuristic + harness` vs `BO/heuristic + raw knobs` |
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| C3. Weak planner + harness 可以匹配或超过 strong LLM naive | Qwen27B 已支持;Qwen235B 正在补 | [Qwen27B 2x2](harness-ablation/qwen27b-tight-2x2-model-ablation-20260623.md), [Qwen235B prefill progress](harness-ablation/qwen235b-prefill-2x2-progress-20260623.md) | 完成 Qwen235B decode 2x2;更新 prefill final doc |
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| C4. Attribution 和 intervention grammar 有机制贡献,不只是 prompt 信息更多 | 设计已有,严格证据不足 | [AITuner summary](aituner-harness-summary.md) | 做 shuffled attribution / no attribution / no grammar / no topology-first / no validator ablation |
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| C4. Attribution 和 intervention grammar 有机制贡献,不只是 prompt 信息更多 | 设计和 no-LLM case 已整理;严格 ablation 不足 | [No-LLM harness mechanism](harness-ablation/no-llm-harness-mechanism-20260625.md), [AITuner summary](aituner-harness-summary.md) | 做 shuffled attribution / no attribution / no grammar / no topology-first / no validator ablation |
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| C5. AITuner 找到 near-optimal region,而不是只找到一个可行 config | Qwen30B 有解释性信号 | [Qwen30B SLO robustness](harness-ablation/qwen30b-slo-robustness-20260624.md) | 选 1-2 个 case 做局部 grid 或专家配置对照 |
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| C6. AITuner 能随 SLO tightness 移动到合适 frontier | Qwen30B 已完成 | [Qwen30B SLO robustness](harness-ablation/qwen30b-slo-robustness-20260624.md) | 再选一个非同质 case 做 SLO sweep;同时画 SLO tightness -> frontier/regime transition |
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| C7. Engine adapter 让 intervention grammar 可迁移到其他 serving engine | 设计上可行,暂不作为主实验 claim | `EngineLaunchSpec` / launch recipe / tunable schema | vLLM 主线完成后,再做 SGLang adapter 和一个低成本验证 case |
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364
docs/harness-ablation/no-llm-harness-mechanism-20260625.md
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docs/harness-ablation/no-llm-harness-mechanism-20260625.md
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# No-LLM Harness Mechanism - 2026-06-25
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本文回答一个核心问题:如果不调用 LLM,harness 为什么还能自动找到配置?
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结论先说清楚:no-LLM 模式下并不是“没有 planner”。当前 harness 本身就是一个
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deterministic planner。LLM 在 AITuner 里只是一个可替换的 proposal backend;当
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harness 能从观测、瓶颈归因、候选 family 和 stop validator 中推出下一步时,tuning
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loop 会直接使用 harness proposal,而不会请求 LLM。
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## Tune loop 中 LLM 的位置
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`study tune` 每轮的决策顺序是:
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```text
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state + study spec + workload/probe results
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v
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build_harness_context(...)
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+--> build_harness_stop_proposal(context)
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| if true: write harness-stop and exit
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+--> build_harness_guided_proposal(context)
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| if true: run this deterministic proposal
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+--> call_llm_for_proposal(...)
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only if no harness stop/proposal exists
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```
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因此在 `study.llm.endpoint = null` 的 no-LLM run 中,只要 harness 每轮都能给出
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一个 deterministic proposal 或 deterministic stop,整个实验就可以完全不调用 LLM。
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如果 harness 既不能 propose 也不能 stop,且没有 LLM endpoint,AITuner 会报错,而不是
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偷偷退化成随机搜索。
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当前 Qwen30B stopfix run 就是这种完整闭环:
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```text
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.aituner/qwen30b-harness-only-medium-stopfix-dash1-20260624T144701Z/
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```
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它没有 LLM endpoint,但仍完成了 9 个 measured trials,并最终由 validator 写出
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`harness_stop`。
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## Harness 做的不是 prompt engineering
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Harness 做的事情可以形式化成:
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```text
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H = (O, B, G, S, V)
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O: Observation schema
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将 workload、trial probes、SLO failure、launch failure、topology constraints
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转成结构化状态。
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B: Bottleneck attribution
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将 SLO violation 归因到 serving regime,例如 ttft_prefill、decode_tpot、
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admission_or_queueing、launch_or_memory。
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G: Intervention grammar
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将 raw knobs 组织成有语义的 candidate families,例如 topology、batching、
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sequence admission、KV memory headroom。
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S: Scoring policy
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对候选 intervention 评分,选择最有信息量且最可能提升 SLO-constrained
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req/s/GPU 的下一步。
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V: Validator / stop policy
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阻止非法、重复、已知失败或无意义的 proposal;只有在剩余高价值候选被测完后
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才允许 stop。
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```
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LLM 可以读取这些结构化信息并生成 proposal,但 no-LLM 时 `H` 自己就能生成
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proposal。换句话说,我们的核心是把:
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```text
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raw config vector search
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```
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转成:
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```text
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mechanism-guided intervention search
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```
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这就是为什么没有 LLM 也能工作。
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## Agent loop 流程图
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```mermaid
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flowchart TD
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A[Baseline or latest measured trial] --> B[Load probe history and trial result]
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B --> C[Build workload L-C-A profile]
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B --> D[Build TrialProfile]
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C --> E[Rank bottleneck hypotheses]
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D --> E
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E --> F[Generate legal candidate actions]
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F --> G[Score candidates]
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G --> H{High-value candidate?}
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H -- yes --> I[Emit harness-proposal]
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I --> J[Run real vLLM trial over search range]
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J --> B
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H -- no --> K{Validator stop allowed?}
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K -- yes --> L[Emit harness-stop]
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K -- no --> M{LLM endpoint exists?}
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M -- yes --> N[Ask LLM backend]
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M -- no --> O[Fail loudly: no proposal source]
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```
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## Observation: harness 看到什么
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每一轮 harness 不看自然语言日志做猜测,而是读结构化状态:
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- `StudySpec`
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- hardware: GPU 数量、GPU 型号;
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- engine: base flags/envs、tunable flags/envs、topology constraints;
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- trace: request mode、window id、输入长度过滤、输出长度 override;
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- SLO: TTFT/TPOT rule、target pass rate;
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- search: load range、tolerance、probe budget。
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- `window_summary` / `WorkloadProfile`
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- L: request length 分布、tail ratio;
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- C: prefix/cache reuse;
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- A: arrival rate、burstiness、interarrival variation。
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- 最近 trials
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- config patch;
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- best feasible request rate;
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- request_rate_per_gpu;
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- pass rate;
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- probe history;
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- latency p50/p95/p99;
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- SLO failure reason counts;
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- launch/runtime failure stage。
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这些数据会被压成 `recent_trial_diagnostics` 和 `trial_profiles`,后续步骤只使用这些结构化
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字段。
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## Bottleneck classifier: 怎么判断方向
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Harness 维护一组 ranked bottleneck hypotheses:
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```text
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ttft_prefill
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decode_tpot
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admission_or_queueing
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launch_or_memory
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```
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它的输入不是单一阈值,而是多类证据:
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- workload default:长 prompt tail 更偏向 `ttft_prefill`;
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- request mode:decode-only 且有 TPOT SLO 时更偏向 `decode_tpot`;
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- probe sequence:最近 trial 的 active bottleneck 权重大于旧 trial;
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- failed reason counts:
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- `ttft_ms>...` 支持 `ttft_prefill`;
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- `tpot_ms>...` 支持 `decode_tpot`;
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- `arrival_lag_s>` / `probe_elapsed_s>` 支持 `admission_or_queueing`;
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- launch failure / OOM:支持 `launch_or_memory`。
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代码里这不是一个硬编码单标签,而是带 confidence 的 ranked list。例如最近 probe
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明确出现 TPOT failure,会提高 `decode_tpot` 分数;如果同时 workload 有长 prompt tail,
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`ttft_prefill` 仍会保留为次级 hypothesis。
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## Candidate family: raw knobs 如何变成 intervention
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Harness 不直接在所有 tunable flags 上盲采样。它先把 knobs 分成有系统含义的
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intervention family:
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| Family | 代表 knobs | 机制含义 |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| topology | `tensor-parallel-size`, `data-parallel-size`, EP knobs | 改变每请求并行度、replica 数量、通信/效率 tradeoff |
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| batching | `max-num-batched-tokens`, `enable-chunked-prefill` | 改变 prefill/decode batching 与 HoL blocking |
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| admission | `max-num-seqs` | 改变并发 admission 与 TPOT/TTFT tail |
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| KV memory | `gpu-memory-utilization` | 改变 KV cache blocks 和可承载并发 |
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| failure memory | failed signatures | 阻止重复已知 launch/runtime 失败方向 |
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关键点是:candidate 来自当前 `StudySpec` 的 tunable schema 和 topology constraints。
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例如 topology candidate 只枚举合法 TP/DP/EP 组合;如果 EP 没有直接证据,generic
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topology search 不会主动引入 EP。
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## Scoring: 为什么会先走 topology,再走 gmu
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Candidate action 的评分大致是:
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```text
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score = expected_bottleneck_relief * bottleneck_confidence
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+ information_gain
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+ launch_safety
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- regression_risk
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```
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然后 `experiment_plan.next_action` 选择最高分候选。分数超过阈值时,harness 直接生成
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proposal;否则进入 stop validator 或 LLM fallback。
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这套 scoring 体现了几个系统原则:
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1. Topology 是 serving 的一阶决策。
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当 TP frontier 还没测完,`gpu-memory-utilization`、`max-num-seqs` 这类 runtime
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微调不会抢在 topology 前面。
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2. Topology 不是“越大越好”。
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评分和最终 winner 都看 `request_rate_per_gpu`,不是 raw request rate。TP4 可能总吞吐
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更高,但如果使用更多 GPU 后 per-GPU 效率下降,就不会成为 incumbent。
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3. Runtime tuning 必须 anchored on incumbent topology。
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当 topology 已经验证过,runtime proposal 会 preserve 当前 best topology,只在其上
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调 `gpu-memory-utilization`、`max-num-seqs`、`max-num-batched-tokens`。
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4. Measurement 决定最终答案。
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Candidate 只是一个 hypothesis;是否接受由真实 trial 的 SLO-constrained
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`request_rate_per_gpu` 决定。
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## Validator stop: 为什么不会过早停止
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Harness stop 不是“找到一个不错配置就停”。当前 stop validator 包含几个条件:
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- `search_high_saturated_by_incumbent`
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- incumbent 的最高 feasible probe 已经贴近 configured search high;
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- 说明当前测量范围已被打满。
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- `topology_frontier_requires_probe`
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- 如果 active bottleneck 仍要求更高 TP frontier 且未测,禁止 stop。
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- `experiment_plan_has_high_value_candidate`
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- 如果还有高分候选,禁止 stop。
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- `post_incumbent_validation_exhausted`
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- strong incumbent 后至少要有 post-incumbent validation;
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- validation 覆盖 topology/runtime family 或达到足够数量;
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- 没有任何 validation trial 超过 incumbent;
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- 才允许 clean stop。
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所以 validator 的作用是 fail-safe:
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```text
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wrong proposal 最多浪费一个 trial;
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wrong stop 会终止搜索,所以必须由 deterministic validator 授权。
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```
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## Qwen30B no-LLM run 中具体发生了什么
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Run:
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```text
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qwen30b-harness-only-medium-stopfix-dash1-20260624T144701Z
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```
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设置:
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- Model: `Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B`
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- Engine: community vLLM 0.20
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- Hardware: 8x H20, 允许 TP/DP/EP frontier
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- Trace: chat 0-8k, output 128, replay time scale 0.1
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- SLO: target pass rate 0.95, TTFT step rule, TPOT 50ms
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- LLM endpoint: `null`
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真实 trial path:
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| Trial | Source | Config patch | req/s/GPU | pass rate | Harness 解释 |
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| --- | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | --- |
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| 0001 | baseline | `{}` | 2.2000 | 1.0000 | 建立 baseline 和 probe evidence |
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| 0002 | harness | `TP=2` | 3.2583 | 1.0000 | latency/SLO pressure 下先测 adjacent TP |
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| 0003 | harness | `TP=4` | 2.0917 | 1.0000 | 验证更高 TP frontier;raw 总吞吐高但 per-GPU 低 |
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| 0004 | harness | `TP=2, gmu=0.92` | 3.2583 | 1.0000 | topology 已 settle,开始 incumbent topology 上的 KV headroom climb |
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| 0005 | harness | `TP=2, gmu=0.94` | 3.2583 | 1.0000 | 继续小步 hill-climb;未改善但未失败 |
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| 0006 | harness | `TP=2, gmu=0.96` | 3.3333 | 1.0000 | KV headroom 带来更高 feasible frontier |
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| 0007 | harness | `TP=2, gmu=0.97` | 3.4333 | 1.0000 | 达到 safe ceiling,成为 incumbent |
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| 0008 | harness | `TP=4, DP=2` | 1.0458 | 1.0000 | post-incumbent topology validation,没有超过 incumbent |
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| 0009 | harness | `TP=8` | 1.0458 | 1.0000 | 继续 frontier validation,没有超过 incumbent |
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| 0010 | harness stop | stop | - | - | validator: `post_incumbent_validation_exhausted` |
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这个过程里没有外部 LLM 决策。每一步 proposal 都来自 harness:
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1. baseline 观测到当前 engine 在 SLO 下的可行 frontier;
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2. bottleneck/机制模型认为 topology 是一阶干预;
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3. 测 TP2,接受,因为 per-GPU 从 2.2 提到 3.2583;
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4. 测 TP4,拒绝为 incumbent,因为 per-GPU 降到 2.0917;
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5. topology frontier settle 后,在 TP2 上小步提升 `gpu-memory-utilization`;
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6. `gmu=0.97` 达到 3.4333;
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7. 再测 nearby topology,确认没有更好;
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8. validator 授权 stop。
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## 为什么这不是写死 Qwen30B
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这条路径看起来像“harness 知道答案是 TP2+gmu0.97”,但代码机制不是这样写的。
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没有写死的部分:
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- 没有写死 model name;
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- 没有写死 Qwen30B;
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- 没有写死 `TP=2` 是最终答案;
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- 没有写死 `gmu=0.97` 一定最好;
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||||
- 没有跳过真实测量;
|
||||
- 没有把 TP4/TP8 直接判负,而是实际运行并比较。
|
||||
|
||||
真正写入 harness 的 domain knowledge 是:
|
||||
|
||||
- TP/DP/EP 是 topology family,必须满足 topology constraints;
|
||||
- topology 通常是一阶 serving intervention,要先于 runtime 微调被验证;
|
||||
- raw throughput 不等于目标,跨 topology 比较要用 `request_rate_per_gpu`;
|
||||
- `gpu-memory-utilization` 是 KV memory headroom 微调,只应在 incumbent topology 上小步 hill-climb;
|
||||
- launch failure 和 tested signatures 是 hard negative evidence;
|
||||
- stop 必须由 validator 授权,不能由 proposer 自己说停就停。
|
||||
|
||||
这是一种系统机制约束,不是 case-specific prompt。
|
||||
|
||||
## 它和 BO / raw heuristic 的区别
|
||||
|
||||
普通 BO 或 raw heuristic 的搜索空间通常是:
|
||||
|
||||
```text
|
||||
config = {tp, dp, ep, gmu, max_num_seqs, max_num_batched_tokens, ...}
|
||||
score = measured req/s/GPU
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这会产生几个问题:
|
||||
|
||||
- 它不知道哪些 knobs 是 topology family,哪些是 runtime family;
|
||||
- 它可能在没测 TP frontier 前浪费大量 trial 调 runtime;
|
||||
- 它可能重复已知 launch failure;
|
||||
- 它可能把 raw throughput 高但 GPU efficiency 差的配置误当方向;
|
||||
- 它很难解释“这个 trial 试图证伪哪个瓶颈 hypothesis”。
|
||||
|
||||
Harness-shaped search space 是:
|
||||
|
||||
```text
|
||||
state -> bottleneck hypothesis -> legal intervention family -> measured verdict
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
因此 BO、bandit、LLM、deterministic heuristic 都可以接在 harness 后面。它们优化的不是
|
||||
raw knob vector,而是有 serving 语义的 intervention graph。
|
||||
|
||||
这也是我们新 framing 的核心:
|
||||
|
||||
```text
|
||||
black-box optimization
|
||||
-> grey-box / mechanism-guided experimental optimization
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 当前还需要补的证据
|
||||
|
||||
No-LLM Qwen30B run 证明了 deterministic harness 可以完整闭环,但 paper 还需要继续补:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Planner-agnostic ablation
|
||||
- `raw BO` vs `harness-guided BO`;
|
||||
- `raw heuristic` vs `harness deterministic policy`;
|
||||
- 证明收益来自 harness substrate,而不是某个 LLM。
|
||||
|
||||
2. Mechanism ablation
|
||||
- no attribution;
|
||||
- shuffled attribution;
|
||||
- no topology-first;
|
||||
- no intervention grammar;
|
||||
- no validator/failure memory。
|
||||
|
||||
3. Near-optimum evidence
|
||||
- 在 1-2 个 case 做局部 grid;
|
||||
- 证明 harness path 找到的是 near-optimal region,不只是一个可行 config。
|
||||
|
||||
4. Cross-case robustness
|
||||
- 再选 decode-heavy 或 long-prefill case;
|
||||
- 验证不同 workload/SLO 下 candidate family 会发生合理切换。
|
||||
|
||||
## 一句话总结
|
||||
|
||||
No-LLM harness 能自动找到配置,是因为它已经实现了一个面向 serving 机制的实验 planner:
|
||||
先把 trial 观测归因成 bottleneck,再把 bottleneck 映射成合法 intervention family,按
|
||||
SLO-constrained req/s/GPU 真实测量更新 incumbent,最后由 validator 判断是否停止。
|
||||
LLM 只是这个 planner 的一个可替换 proposal backend,而不是 AITuner 的必要核心。
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user